|本期目录/Table of Contents|

[1]陈海涛,刘占,张立红,等.低可见度情况下从众行为对疏散的影响分析[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2016,12(8):165-170.[doi:10.11731/j.issn.1673-193x.2016.08.028]
　CHEN Haitao,LIU Zhan,ZHANG Lihong,et al.Influence of herd behavior on evacuation under limited visibility[J].JOURNAL OF SAFETY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY,2016,12(8):165-170.[doi:10.11731/j.issn.1673-193x.2016.08.028]
点击复制

低可见度情况下从众行为对疏散的影响分析
分享到：

《中国安全生产科学技术》[ISSN:1673-193X/CN:11-5335/TB]

卷:
12
期数:
2016年8期
页码:
165-170
栏目:
现代职业安全卫生管理与技术
出版日期:
2016-08-30

文章信息/Info

Title:
Influence of herd behavior on evacuation under limited visibility
作者:
陈海涛1; 2; 刘占1; 张立红1; 王尊志1; 杨鹏3
（1.中国人民武装警察部队学院，河北 廊坊 065000;2.灭火救援技术公安部重点实验室，河北 廊坊 065000; 3.北京科技大学 土木与环境工程学院，北京 100083）
Author(s):
CHEN Haitao1; 2;  LIU Zhan1;  ZHANG Lihong1;  WANG Zunzhi1;  YANG Peng3
(1. The Chinese People's Armed Police Force Academy, Langfang Hebei 065000, China; 2. Ministry of Public Security Key Laboratory of Fire Fighting and Rescuing Technology, Langfang Hebei 065000, China; 3. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China)
关键词:
公共安全; 安全疏散; 从众行为; 普遍性从众; 理性从众; 盲目从众
Keywords:
public safety;  safety evacuation;  herd behavior;  universal herd;  rational herd;  blind herd
分类号:
TP301； X9
DOI:
10.11731/j.issn.1673-193x.2016.08.028
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
在火灾等紧急情况下，可见度较低时的行人疏散与正常时的疏散情况有明显的区 别。基于前人成果的基础上，通过引入从众效应阐述了可见度较低时的元胞自动机疏散 理论模型，并定义区分了普遍性从众、理性从众和盲目从众。研究结果表明：理性从众 对疏散能够起到良好的优化作用；盲目从众对疏散的作用效果具有不可预测性，在某些 情况下盲目从众甚至会对疏散起到严重阻碍的作用。因此，建议在条件允许的条件下积 极采用理性从众的行为方式，尽量避免采用盲目从众。研究还发现，理性从众对疏散的 优化效果基本不受初始行人数量、出口宽度和可视距离的影响。
Abstract:
In emergencies such as fire, pedestrian evacuation under limited visibility is significantly different from normal situation. On the basis of previous studies, a cellular automata evacuation theoretical model for limited visibility was presented by introducing into the herd effect, and the universal herd, rational herd and blind herd were defined and distinguished. The results showed that the rational herd can play a good optimization role for evacuation, while the role of blind herd for evacuation has a unpredictability, in some cases, the blind herd even plays a severe block role for evacuation. So it was suggested to actively adopt the behavior way of rational herd if the conditions allow, and try to avoid adopting the blind herd. In further research, it was found that the optimization effect of rational herd on evacuation is basically not affected by the initial pedestrian number, exit width and visible distance.

参考文献/References:

［1］Helbing D，Farkas L，Vicsek T．Simulating dynamical features of escape Panic ［J］．Nature， 2000，407(28)：487-490．
［2］张立红，陈海涛，杨鹏，等．心理迫切因素对行人疏散动力学的影响研究［J］． 中国安全生产科学技术，2013, 9（6）：79-84. ZHANG Lihong, CHEN Haitao, YANG Peng, et al. Study on influence of psychological urgency parameter on pedestrian evacuation dynamics［J］. Journal of Safety Science and Technology, 2013, 9(6): 79-84.
［3］Erica D. Kuligowski，Dennis S. Mileti． Modeling pre-evacuation delay by occupants in World Trade Center Towers 1 and 2 on September 11, 2001［J］ . Fire Safety Journal, 44 (2009): 487-496.
［4］Hai-Jun Huang， Ren-Yong Guo． Static floor field and exit choice for pedestrian evacuation in rooms with internal obstacles and multiple exits ［ J］．Physical Review E，2008，78：021131- 1-6.
［5］陈海涛，杨鹏，仇九子，等．高层建筑火灾中消防电梯疏散效果模拟［J］．消防 科学与技术，2012，31（10）：1050-1053. CHEN Haitao, YANG Peng, QIU Jiuzi, et al. .Simulation study on evacuation effect of fire elevator in the high-rise building ［J］. Fire Science and Technology, 2012，31（10）：1050-1053.
［6］张立红，王策源，杨光，等．基于行人疏散模型的建筑出口设计优化研究［J］． 中国安全生产科学技术，2014，10（10）：69-74. ZHANG Lihong, WANG Ceyuan, YANG Guang, et al. Optimization study on the evacuation design of building exits ［J］. Journal of Safety Science and Technology, 2014，10（10）：69-74.
［7］陈海涛，贾南，刘占，等．等基于多因素出口选择的建筑疏散指示优化设计［J］ ．中国安全生产科学技术，2016，10（4）：90 -95. CHEN Haitao, JIA Nan, LIU Zhan, et al. Optimal design on evacuation sign considering multi-factors for exits ［J］. Journal of safety Science and Technology, 2016, 12(4): 90-95.
［8］R. Alizadeh．A dynamic cellular automaton model for evacuation process with obstacles ［J］. Safety Science, 2011(49): 315-323.
［9］Dirk Helbing, Motonari Isobe, Takashi Nagatani. et al.Lattice gas simulation of experimentally studied evacuation dynamics ［J］．Physical review E，2003，67 (067101)：1-4．
［10］陈海涛，仇九子，杨鹏，等．一种高层建筑楼、电梯疏散模型的模拟研究［J］ ．中国安全生产科学技术，2010，8(10)：48-52. CHEN Haitao, QIU Jiuzi, YANG Peng ,et al. Simulation study on the novel stairs and elevator evacuation model in the high-rise building ［J］. Journal of Safety Science and Technology, 2010，8(10)：48-52.
［11］Masahiro Fukamachi，Takashi Nagatani．Sidle effect on pedestrian counter flow ［J］. Physica A, 2007（377）: 269-278.
［12］Motonari Isobe, Dirk Helbing, Takashi Nagatani. Experiment, theory and simulation of the evacuation of a room without visibility ［J］.Physical review E, 2004, 69(066132): 1-10.
［13］岳昊，邵春福，关宏志,等．基于元胞自动机的行人视线受影响的疏散流仿真研 究［J］.物理学报, 2010，59（7）：4499-4507. YUE Hao, SHAO Chunfu, GUAN Hongzhi, et al. Simulation of pedestrian evacuation flow with affected visual field using cellular automata［J］． Acta Phys. Sin.，2010，59（7）：4499-4507．
［14］陈海涛，张立红，杨鹏，等．视野受限时行人疏散模型分析与仿真研究［J］． 复杂系统与复杂性科学，2014，9(3)：19-25. CHEN Haitao, ZHANG Lihong, YANG Peng.et al. studies on pedestrian evacuation Model and simulation for limited visibility ［J］. Complex Systems and Complexity Science, 2014, 9(3): 19-25.
［15］陈海涛，张立红，杨鹏，等．考虑出口选择因素的行人疏散模拟研究［J］．复 杂系统与复杂性科学，2015，10(4)：43-49. CHEN Haitao, ZHANG Lihong, YANG Peng, et al. Simulation of pedestrian evacuation with the exit-selection factors ［J］. Complex Systems and Complexity Science, 2015, 10 (4): 43-49.
［16］赵道亮. 紧急条件下人员疏散特殊行为的元胞自动机模拟［D］. 中国科技大学 ，2007.
［17］徐炀，李虹．虚拟逃生环境中视野范围和紧急程度对疏散效率的影响： 从众行 为的中介作用［J］．心理与行为研究，2015， 13（3）： 311-319. XU Yang, LI Hong. Influence of visibility range and degree of urgency on efficiency of evacuation: mediating effect of herding behavior ［J］. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2015， 13（3）： 311-319.
［18］崔喜红，李强，陈晋，等．大型公共场所人员疏散模型研究——考虑个体特性和 从众行为［J］. 自然灾害学报,2005,14(6):133-140. CUI Xihong, LI Qiang, CHEN Jin, et al. Study on occupant evacuation model in large public place: to consider individual character and following behavior ［J］. Journal of Natural Disaster, 2005, 14(6): 133-140.

相似文献/References:

[1]刘铁民.火灾频发暴露我国城市公共安全系统脆弱性[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2011,7(3):5.
　LIU Tie-min.The frequent fire accidents exposed the vulnerability of urban public safety system[J].JOURNAL OF SAFETY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY,2011,7(8):5.
[2]陈友良.城市公共安全监管对象风险调查系统研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2011,7(7):79.
　Chen You-liang.Research on risk investigation system of urban public supervision object[J].JOURNAL OF SAFETY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY,2011,7(8):79.
[3]王燕青,周红月.民机客舱安全疏散能力模糊综合评价[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2011,7(9):165.
　Wang Yan-Qing,Zhou Hong-Yue.Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation for the Capacity of Civil Aircraft Cabin Evacuation[J].JOURNAL OF SAFETY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY,2011,7(8):165.
[4]唐永,邢志祥.高层建筑火灾安全疏散研究述评[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2011,7(10):56.
　TANG Yong,XING Zhi-xiang.Review on study of evacuation?in high-rise?bulding fire[J].JOURNAL OF SAFETY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY,2011,7(8):56.
[5]徐艳秋,王振东.基于Pathfinder和FDS的火场下人员疏散研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2012,8(2):50.
　XU Yan qiu,WANG Zhen dong.Study on evacuation simulation of fire ground based on pathfinder and FDS[J].JOURNAL OF SAFETY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY,2012,8(8):50.
[6]沈一洲,朱国庆,李欢欢.体育馆出口疏散能力的实验研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2012,8(4):60.
　SHEN Yi zhou,ZHU Guo qing,LI Huan huan.Experimental study on export in the stadium evacuation ability[J].JOURNAL OF SAFETY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY,2012,8(8):60.
[7]孟庆波,刘玲玲.苏丹1/2/4区紧急撤离带来的境外公共安全管理启示[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2013,9(5):172.[doi:10.11731/j.issn.1673-193x.2013.05.033]
　MENG Qing bo,LIU Ling ling.Experience brought by emergency evacuation act in Block1/2/4 Sudan for overseas public security management[J].JOURNAL OF SAFETY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY,2013,9(8):172.[doi:10.11731/j.issn.1673-193x.2013.05.033]
[8]傅贵,杨春,董继业.安全学科的重要名词及其管理意义讨论[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2013,9(6):145.[doi:10.11731/j.issn.1673-193x.2013.06.028]
　FU Gui,YANG Chun,DONG Ji ye.Discussions on important terms of safety science and their management sense[J].JOURNAL OF SAFETY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY,2013,9(8):145.[doi:10.11731/j.issn.1673-193x.2013.06.028]
[9]刘铁民,王浩,王永明.“1231”事件警示——环境污染突发事件已触及公共安全底线[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2013,9(7):5.[doi:10.11731/j.issn.1673-193x.2013.07.001]
　LIU Tie min,WANG Hao,WANG Yong ming.The warning of “1231” event——Environmental pollution events have touched bottom line of public safety[J].JOURNAL OF SAFETY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY,2013,9(8):5.[doi:10.11731/j.issn.1673-193x.2013.07.001]
[10]田伟,吕伟.船舶安全疏散研究述评[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2014,10(4):133.[doi:10.11731/j.issn.1673-193x.2014.04.023]
　TIAN Wei,LV Wei.Review on study of evacuation in ship[J].JOURNAL OF SAFETY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY,2014,10(8):133.[doi:10.11731/j.issn.1673-193x.2014.04.023]

备注/Memo

备注/Memo:
河北省高等学校科学技术研究项目(Z2014002); 灭火救援技术公安部重 点实验室开放课题(KF201505);中国人民武装警察部队学院博士科研计划课题
更新日期/Last Update: 2016-08-30