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[1]宋劲松,刘红霞,王诗剑.应急管理第一响应者制度综述*[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2011,7(2):14-21.
　SONG Jin song,LIU Hong xia,WANG Shi jian.A summary of first responders in emergency management[J].JOURNAL OF SAFETY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY,2011,7(2):14-21.
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应急管理第一响应者制度综述*
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《中国安全生产科学技术》[ISSN:1673-193X/CN:11-5335/TB]

卷:
7
期数:
2011年2
页码:
14-21
栏目:
学术论著
出版日期:
2011-02-28

文章信息/Info

Title:
A summary of first responders in emergency management
作者:
宋劲松1;  刘红霞2;  王诗剑3
1. 国家行政学院应急管理培训部，北京100089；2. 美国辛辛那提大学护理学院；3. 北京师范大学社会发展与公共政策学院，北京100875
Author(s):
SONG Jinsong1;  LIU Hongxia2;  WANG Shijian3
1. National School of Administration，Beijing 100875, China；2. University of Cincinnati, China；3. Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
关键词:
应急管理; 狭义第一响应者; 广义第一响应者
Keywords:
emergency management; narrow first responders; generalized first responders
分类号:
X92
DOI:
-
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
第一响应者最早产生于医疗紧急救护中，属于志愿服务，并在欧美国家得到发展和广泛运用。美国在交通事故管理和突发事件应对中发展了第一响应者的概念，一是服务内容从医疗救护扩大至其他突发事件应急管理，二是第一响应者不仅限于志愿服务，也包括专业机构首先到达现场的人。我国历史上曾有赤脚医生、辅助警察等现实意义的第一响应者制度，但我国目前的第一响应者主要集中在突发事件信息员，特别缺乏应急处置的第一响应者。中德政府合作的搜索救援“第一响应者”培训对第一响应者进行了新的定义，增加了现场组织管理能力培训。我国应该大力培训应急救援“第一响应者”教官，并逐步制定有关志愿服务法律。
Abstract:
The first responders was first produced in medical emergency ambulance, they are volunteers. They were developed and widely used In the United States and Europe, the United States developed the concept of first responders in traffic management and emergency response: services extended from the emergency medical service to other emergency management service, first responders are not only volunteers, but also including professional bodies who first arrived at the scene. We have barefoot doctors, auxiliary police and other practical significance first responders system in our history, but current first responders focus on emergency information，we lack first responders for emergency response in particularly in China. A new definition for first responders was given by SinoGerman Government's cooperation with the search and rescue “first responder” training, the capacity of onsite organization and management of first responders was added to the training course. China should vigorously training “first responders” instructors for emergency search and rescue, and gradually develop the law on volunteer services.

参考文献/References:

［1］http://www.1stresponderweb.com/
［2］Marx: Rosen's Emergency Medicine, 7th ed. Copyright ? 2009 Mosby, An Imprint of Elsevier
［3］http://www.felixstowe.first.responders.org.uk/why
［4］Washington state Special Objectives For First Responder, office of emergency medical and trauma prevention, Washington Department of Health, March 1998.http://www.doh.wa.gov/hsqa/emstrauma/download/frwsso.pdf
［5］http://www.sja.org.uk/sja/default.aspx
［6］http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_responders
［7］http://www.redcross.org
［8］http://www.nfpa.org/itemDetail.asp?categoryID=1608&itemID=42658&URL=Training/Training%20at%20your%20location
［9］http://www.nols.edu/wmi/courses / wildfirstre sponder. shtml
［10］http://www.firstresponse.org.uk/about_us.html
［11］http://www.leighfirstresponders.org.uk/index.html
［12］“First Responder: National Standard Curriculum”. United States Department of Transportation: National Highway Transportation Safety Administration. 1995. pp. xiv. Retrieved 20091119.http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/people/injury/ems/pub/frnsc.pdf.
［13］http://www.firstresponder.gov/Pages/Default.aspx Homeland Security
［14］First Responder's Guide to Abnormal Psychology：Applications for Police, Firefighters and Rescue Personnel， William I. Dorfman, Lenore E. Walker, Copyright@2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
［15］http://www.citizencorps.gov/
［16］National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians 2009 Annual Report: Working Together to Build the EMS Community. http://www.nremt.org/nremt/downloads/2009_Annual_Report.pdf, 2009, 8.
［17］RADIATION SAFETY：Protection and management for Homeland Security and Emergency Response,LARRY A.BURCHFIELD,Copyright@2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights Reserved. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, New Jersey, Published Simultaneously in Canada.
［18］Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response Training for First Responder(Awareness level),(First responder Course,July,2000,Version 3.0).United States Department of Agriculture。
［19］宋劲松，邓云峰.中美德突发事件应急指挥组织结构初探［J］.中国行政管理，2011（1） Song Jinsong, Deng Yunfeng.A Preliminary Study of Command System in Emergency Management among China、the United States and Germany.Journal of Chinese Administration,2011（1）
［20］二凤.我国灾害信息员已达53万人［J］.中国减灾，2009（7） ER Feng, China has 0.53 million disaster information workers［J］,Disaster Reduction in China,2009（7）
［21］本刊编辑部.首批1397名灾害信息员获国家职业资格认证［J］.中国减灾, 2010（3） The editorial department.The first 1397 members of disaster information get the national vocational qualification certification［J］.Disaster Reduction in China，2010（3）
［22］沈瑞.新中国辅助警察的发展历程［J］.江西公安专科学校学报，2009（3） Shen Rui.The development process of auxiliary police in new China［J］Academic journal of Jiangxi Public Security School,2009(3)
［23］First Responder Problem Solving and Decision Making in Today's Asymmetrical Environment，Neil R Hintze.http://www.stormingmedia.us/62/6299/A629974.html
［24］资料来源于2010年9月都江堰市“第一响应者”教官培训之宁宝坤博士课件第7卷第2期

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备注/Memo

备注/Memo:
收稿日期： 2011-01-25 作者简介： 宋劲松，教授级高工，经济学博士。 * 基金项目： 国家自然科学基金重大研究计划重点项目（编号：90924303）和集成平台项目（编号：91024031）
更新日期/Last Update: 2011-02-28