[1]马月瑶,章志超,张文科,等.基于行人时间压力的火灾疏散模型及仿真研究*[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2025,21(5):147-156.[doi:10.11731/j.issn.1673-193x.2025.05.019]
MA Yueyao,ZHANG Zhichao,ZHANG Wenke,et al.Study on fire evacuation model and simulation based on pedestrian time pressure[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2025,21(5):147-156.[doi:10.11731/j.issn.1673-193x.2025.05.019]
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基于行人时间压力的火灾疏散模型及仿真研究*
MA Yueyao,ZHANG Zhichao,ZHANG Wenke,et al.Study on fire evacuation model and simulation based on pedestrian time pressure[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2025,21(5):147-156.[doi:10.11731/j.issn.1673-193x.2025.05.019]
《中国安全生产科学技术》[ISSN:1673-193X/CN:11-5335/TB]
- 卷:
- 21
- 期数:
- 2025年5期
- 页码:
- 147-156
- 栏目:
- 职业安全卫生管理与技术
- 出版日期:
- 2025-05-30
文章信息/Info
- Title:
- Study on fire evacuation model and simulation based on pedestrian time pressure
- 文章编号:
- 1673-193X(2025)-05-0147-10
- Keywords:
- time pressure; fire evacuation; cellular automaton model; pre-movement time; evacuation dynamics
- 分类号:
- X913.4
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 为探讨行人心理因素对火灾疏散行为的作用机制，基于建筑物消防安全守则，结合火灾产物数据和精细网格元胞自动机模型，引入行人的预动作时间因素，构建定量计算行人时间压力的火灾疏散模型。开展不同火灾场景下的模拟仿真，研究出口布局和预动作时间对行人时间压力及疏散过程的影响。研究结果表明：在火灾场景中，行人的预动作时间会极大地增加疏散时间；两侧对称的双出口布局能降低行人的时间压力，并提高疏散效率；在单层多房间复杂场景中，火灾发生房间内行人的时间压力更大，而其余的对侧房间中的行人具有相似的疏散表现，并且火灾位置越靠近出口，行人的疏散效率越低。研究结果可为建筑设计优化、消防安全管理以及火灾应急疏散策略的制定提供重要参考。
- Abstract:
- In order to explore the acting mechanism of pedestrian psychological factors on fire evacuation behavior,based on the code for fire safety of buildings,and combining the fire product data and fine-grid cellular automaton model,a fire evacuation model for quantitatively calculating the pedestrian time pressure was constructed by introducing into the factor of pedestrian pre-movement time.The simulation under different fire scenarios was carried out,and the influence of exit layout and pre-movement time on the time pressure and evacuation process of pedestrian was studied.The results show that in the fire scenarios,the pedestrian pre-movement time will greatly increase the evacuation time.The symmetrical dual-exit layout on both sides can reduce the time pressure of pedestrian and improve the evacuation efficiency.In the complex scenario of multiple rooms at single layer,the pedestrian in the room where the fire occurs have higher time pressure,while the pedestrian in the remaining contralateral rooms show similar evacuation performance.Additionally,when the fire source is closer to the exits,the evacuation efficiency decreases.The research results can provide important reference for the optimization of building design and fire safety management,and the development of fire emergency evacuation strategies.
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备注/Memo
- 备注/Memo:
-
收稿日期： 2024-10-12
* 基金项目： 国家自然科学基金项目(72104254)；湖北省自然科学基金项目(2022CFB469)；中南民族大学科学研究基金(引进人才)项目(YZZ21002)
作者简介： 马月瑶，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为行人疏散仿真建模。
通信作者： 施朦，博士，副教授，主要研究方向为智能交通和行人应急疏散动力学。
