工艺安全管理系统中的工艺危害分析方法比较-《中国安全生产科学技术》

文章信息/Info

Title:: Comparison of the process hazard analysis methods in process safety management system

作者:: 孙文勇；许芝瑞；邓德利；赵东风；; 中国石油集团安全环保技术研究院；中国石油大学(华东)机电工程学院；中国石油工程建设公司；中国石油大学(华东)化学化工学院；

Author(s):: SUN Wen-yong¹; XU Zhi-rui²; DENG De-li³; ZHAO Dong-feng⁴; 1.CNPC Research Institute of Safety & Environment Technology,Beijing 100083,China)(2.College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,China University of Petroleum(East China),Qingdao 266555,China)(3.China Petroleum Engineering & Construction Corporation,Beijing 100011,China)(4.College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering,China University of Petroleum(East China),Qingdao 266555,China

摘要:: 简要介绍了工艺安全管理系统,其中工艺危害分析是工艺安全管理系统中的核心要素。对通常采用的故障假设/检查表、故障类型及影响分析、事故树分析、危险与可操作性研究、保护层分析五种分析方法进行了比较,得出了它们的优点、缺点、适用范围及应用时机。故障假设/检查表分析法比较容易使用,适用于工艺的初次评估;故障类型及影响分析、事故树分析适用于高危险性工艺中的工段、组件或单元操作的分析;危险与可操作性研究可以非常系统、全面的对工艺进行分析,是最有效的工艺危害分析方法。保护层分析方法是一种半定量的风险评价方法,它通过分析系统中各个防护层的失效概率来评估潜在事故的危险性,并与可接受标准进行比较,从而实现对防护系统防护性能的判断。通过对分析方法的比较可以指导化工企业选用合适的分析方法来进行工艺危害分析。

Abstract:: in this paper the process safety management system was briefly introduced,which the process hazard analysis was the core elements of the process safety management system.Five methods were compared,including What If/Checklist,Failure Modes and Effect Analysis,Fault Tree Analysis,Hazard Operability Study and Layer of Protection Analysis,and their advantages,disadvantages,application and timing were obtained.What If/Checklist analysis was easier to use for the initial process assessment;Failure Modes and Effect Analysis and Fault Tree Analysis was useful for high-risk process steps,components or unit operations;Hazard and Operability Study analysis could be very systematic and comprehensive for the process and it was the most effective mothod of process hazard analysis.Layer of Protection Analysis method was a semi-quantitative risk assessment method which analyzed the system failure probability of each protective layer to assess the risk of potential accidents,and compared with standards acceptable to the accident in order to achieve performance on the protection system.Through comparison of the process hazard analysis methods in process safety management system,the chemical companies can adapt the appropriate process hazard analysis methods.