|本期目录/Table of Contents|

[1]唐泽湘,胡华,郝妍熙,等.基于动态拥堵感知的行人疏散元胞自动机模型[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2026,22(4):180-190.[doi:10.11731/j.issn.1673-193x.2026.04.022]
　TANG Zexiang,HU Hua,HAO Yanxi,et al.Cellular automata model for pedestrian evacuation based on dynamic congestion awareness[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2026,22(4):180-190.[doi:10.11731/j.issn.1673-193x.2026.04.022]
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基于动态拥堵感知的行人疏散元胞自动机模型

《中国安全生产科学技术》[ISSN:1673-193X/CN:11-5335/TB]

卷:
22
期数:
2026年4期
页码:
180-190
栏目:
职业健康与防护
出版日期:
2026-04-30

文章信息/Info

Title:
Cellular automata model for pedestrian evacuation based on dynamic congestion awareness
文章编号:
1673-193X(2026)-04-0180-11
作者:
唐泽湘; 胡华; 郝妍熙; 方勇; 刘志钢
（上海工程技术大学 城市轨道交通学院，上海 201620)
Author(s):
TANG Zexiang;  HU Hua;  HAO Yanxi;  FANG Yong;  LIU Zhigang
（Shanghai University of Engineering Science,School of Urban Rail Transit,Shanghai 201620,China）
关键词:
元胞自动机; 拥堵感知; 出口选择; 行人疏散
Keywords:
cellular automata;  congestion perception;  exit selection;  pedestrian evacuation
分类号:
X913.4
DOI:
10.11731/j.issn.1673-193x.2026.04.022
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
为改善传统元胞自动机模型在复杂公共空间行人应急疏散研究中从众行为表征不足、拥堵感知描述简单以及多出口分流决策不充分等问题，提出1种融合动态拥堵感知与出口选择机制的行人疏散元胞自动机模型。其在传统静态场基础上，构建融合从众场与动态拥堵场的行人路径规划复合势场模型；同时进一步融合路径拥堵建立出口效用模型，实现行人路径移动与出口选择的协同决策，并在不同场景下对模型的验证分析。研究结果表明：本文模型能够较好地适应不同复杂度的疏散场景；融合位移与密度信息的从众场能够更准确表征群体趋同行为，使得整体疏散时间缩短约10%；动态拥堵场能够准确反映拥堵形成与演化过程，将高频占用网格比例降低至0.69%，有效缓解主干通道及瓶颈区域的拥堵集聚；出口效用模型可增强行人对潜在拥堵路径的规避能力，提升分流合理性与出口利用均衡性。研究结果可为复杂公共空间应急疏散组织优化、疏散设施布局设计及行人疏散行为建模提供理论支撑与技术支持。
Abstract:
In order to improve the traditional cellular automata model in the study of pedestrian emergency evacuation in complex public spaces,particularly regarding the insufficient representation of herding behavior.The oversimplified description of congestion perception,and the inadequate modeling of multi-exit diversion decision-making,a pedestrian evacuation cellular automata model integrating dynamic congestion perception and an exit choice mechanism is proposed.Based on the traditional static floor field,a composite potential-field path planning model incorporating a herding field and a dynamic congestion field is constructed.Meanwhile,an exit utility model integrating path congestion is further established to realize the coordinated decision-making of pedestrian movement and exit selection,and the model is validated and analyzed in different scenarios.The results show that the proposed model can better adapt to evacuation scenarios with different levels of complexity.The herding field integrating displacement and density information can more accurately characterize group herding behavior and shorten the total evacuation time by about 10%.The dynamic congestion field can accurately reflect the formation and evolution of congestion,reduce the proportion of high-frequency occupied grids to 0.69%,and effectively alleviate congestion accumulation in main passages and bottleneck areas.The exit utility model can enhance pedestrians’ability to avoid potentially congested paths and improve the rationality of diversion and the balance of exit utilization.The results can provide a theoretical basis and technical support for emergency evacuation organization optimization,evacuation facility layout design,and pedestrian evacuation behavior modeling in complex public spaces.

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备注/Memo

备注/Memo:
收稿日期： 2025-11-19
作者简介： 唐泽湘，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为行人疏散行为建模与仿真。
通信作者： 胡华，博士，教授，主要研究方向为轨道交通智慧运营、轨道交通行为与安全。
更新日期/Last Update: 2026-04-29