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[1]刘勇锋,张超,马海涛.尾矿库漫顶溃决过程中溃口演化机理与坝体变形响应研究*[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2026,22(4):29-36.[doi:10.11731/j.issn.1673-193x.2026.04.004]
　LIU Yongfeng,ZHANG Chao,MA Haitao.Study on the breach evolution mechanism and dam body deformation response during overtopping failure of tailings pond[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2026,22(4):29-36.[doi:10.11731/j.issn.1673-193x.2026.04.004]
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尾矿库漫顶溃决过程中溃口演化机理与坝体变形响应研究*

《中国安全生产科学技术》[ISSN:1673-193X/CN:11-5335/TB]

卷:
22
期数:
2026年4期
页码:
29-36
栏目:
安全工程技术
出版日期:
2026-04-30

文章信息/Info

Title:
Study on the breach evolution mechanism and dam body deformation response during overtopping failure of tailings pond
文章编号:
1673-193X(2026)-04-0029-08
作者:
刘勇锋; 张超; 马海涛
（1.重庆大学 资源与安全学院，重庆 400044；
2.深圳市中金岭南有色金属股份有限公司，广东 深圳 518042；
3.中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所，湖北 武汉 430071；
4.中国安全生产科学研究院，北京 100012）
Author(s):
LIU Yongfeng;  ZHANG Chao;  MA Haitao
（1.School of Resources and Safety Engineering,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China;
2.Shenzhen Zhongjin Lingnan Nonfemet Company Limited,Shenzhen Guangdong 518042,China;
3.Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan Hubei 430071,China;
4.China Academy of Safety Science and Technology,Beijng 100012,China）
关键词:
尾矿库; 漫顶溃决; 溃口演化; 物理模型试验; 变形响应
Keywords:
tailings pond;  overtopping failure;  breach evolution;  physical model test;  deformation response
分类号:
X936；TU43
DOI:
10.11731/j.issn.1673-193x.2026.04.004
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
为揭示尾矿库漫顶溃决灾害机理，以广东省某头顶库为原型，基于弗汝德相似准则构建1∶12大比例尺物理模型，综合采用高速摄像、三维激光扫描、数字图像系统（DIC）和土压力传感器，全过程监测溃口演化与坝体响应。研究结果表明：溃决过程可分为下游坡面初始冲蚀、主冲槽剧烈下切、侧壁持续性淘刷、侧壁间歇性失稳坍塌和冲淤平衡5个阶段；溃口横向扩展受水流剪切与土体坍塌控制，纵向下切由水流冲刷与陡坎侵蚀主导，溃口宽度B与深度D呈强线性正相关（D=1.54B-0.20，决定系数R2=0.99）；坝体应力响应高度局部化，溃口路径处压应力最大-6.10 kPa，拉应力最大+13.50 kPa；坝面变形表现为溃口边缘沉降最大（20.30 mm），土体存在向溃口中心的塑性流动及湿化膨胀现象。研究结果可揭示漫顶溃决的微观力学机制与耦合响应规律，并为为尾矿库安全预警与防控提供理论支撑。
Abstract:
In order to investigate the disaster mechanism of tailings pond overtopping failure,a 1∶12 large-scale physical model was constructed based on the Froude similarity criterion,using a top storage in Guangdong as the prototype.High-speed cameras,3D laser scanning,digital image correlation (DIC),and earth pressure sensors were comprehensively employed to monitor the breach evolution and dam response throughout the process.The results show that the overtopping failure process can be divided into five stages:initial erosion of the downstream slope,severe downcutting of the main scour channel,continuous sidewall scouring,intermittent instability and collapse of the sidewalls,and scour-siltation equilibrium.The transverse expansion of the breach is controlled by water flow shear erosion and soil collapse,while the vertical downcutting is dominated by water flow scouring and headcut erosion.A strong linear positive correlation is observed between breach width (B) and depth (D),expressed as D=1.54B-0.20,with a coefficient of determination R2=0.99.The stress response within the dam body is highly localized,with a maximum compressive stress of -6.10 kPa and a maximum tensile stress of +13.50 kPa along the breach path.The surface deformation of the dam is characterized by maximum settlement of 20.30 mm at the breach edge,accompanied by plastic flow of soil towards the breach center and wetting-induced expansion.The findings reveal the micromechanical mechanisms and coupled response patterns of overtopping failure,and provide theoretical support for early warning and prevention of tailings pond disasters.

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备注/Memo

备注/Memo:
收稿日期： 2025-10-12
* 基金项目： 国家重点研发计划项目（2023YFC3012200）
作者简介： 刘勇锋，博士研究生，高级工程师，主要研究方向为非煤矿山动力灾害防治。
通信作者： 张超，博士，研究员，主要研究方向为矿山岩土工程灾害与防控技术。
更新日期/Last Update: 2026-04-29