|本期目录/Table of Contents|

[1]景奇,祁明亮,刘凯,等.核应急公众洗消时间评估问题研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2018,14(3):5-12.[doi:10.11731/j.issn.1673-193x.2018.03.001]
　JING Qi,QI Mingliang,LIU Kai,et al.Research on assessment of public decontamination time in nuclear emergency[J].JOURNAL OF SAFETY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY,2018,14(3):5-12.[doi:10.11731/j.issn.1673-193x.2018.03.001]
点击复制

核应急公众洗消时间评估问题研究
分享到：

《中国安全生产科学技术》[ISSN:1673-193X/CN:11-5335/TB]

卷:
14
期数:
2018年3期
页码:
5-12
栏目:
学术论著
出版日期:
2018-03-31

文章信息/Info

Title:
Research on assessment of public decontamination time in nuclear emergency
文章编号:
1673-193X(2018)-03-0005-08
作者:
景奇1; 祁明亮2; 3; 刘凯1; 纪雅敏2; 3
（1.国家核应急响应技术支持中心，北京 100190；2.中国科学院 科技战略咨询研究院，北京 100190；3. 中国科学院大学 公共政策与管理学院，北京 100049）
Author(s):
JING Qi1; QI Mingliang2; 3; LIU Kai1; JI Yamin2; 3
(1. National Nuclear Emergency Response Technical Support Center, Beijing 100190, China; 2. Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; 3. School of Public Policy and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)
关键词:
系统动力学模型; 洗消时间; 场外核应急; 应急管理
Keywords:
system dynamics model;  decontamination time;  off-site nuclear emergency;  emergency management
分类号:
X946
DOI:
10.11731/j.issn.1673-193x.2018.03.001
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
去污洗消是核泄漏应急撤离工作中的重要环节之一，我国在相关规定中主要明确的是人员洗消的适用时段以及原则，各拥有核电的省份在省级核电站场外应急程序中，设定了人员洗消站点的配置方案，但对方案可能存在的风险缺乏进一步研究。根据某核电站场外应急撤离程序中的居民数量、撤离路线、风向风力等信息，构建3种污染场景，利用系统动力学模型，按照洗消站点建设方案，对公众洗消进行仿真。研究结果表明：利用现有洗消站点设备配置进行人员洗消，时间过长，不利于稳定撤离群众的情绪；同时，需要重新审视现有洗消站点的选址及设备配置数量的合理性。因此，建议开展应急撤离程序的洗消站配置方案风险性评估,并进一步制定我国公众洗消站的配置标准。
Abstract:
The decontamination is one of the important link in the emergency evacuation of nuclear leakage. In China, the relevant regulations have mainly defined the application periods and principles of the personnel decontamination, and the provinces which own the nuclear power have set the configuration schemes of personnel decontamination stations in the provincial off-site emergency program of nuclear power station, but the further study on the possible risk of the schemes was lack. Three types of pollution scenarios were set up according to the number of residents, evacuation routes, wind direction, wind speed and other information in the off-site emergency evacuation program of a certain nuclear power station. The public decontamination was simulated in accordance with the construction scheme of decontamination stations by using the system dynamics model. The results showed that the decontamination time was too long with using the equipment allocation of existing decontamination stations, which was not conducive to stabilize the mood of evacuated public. At the same time, the rationality of the site selection, amount and equipment allocation amount of the existing decontamination stations should be re-examined. It was suggested to carry out the risk assessment on the configuration schemes of decontamination stations in the emergency evacuation program, thus formulate the configuration standards of public decontamination stations in China.

参考文献/References:

［1］王媛原, 王炳强, 普海云. 化学事故处置中的洗消现状及发展［J］. 化学教育, 2008, 29(2):6-9. WANG Yuanyuan, WANG Bingqiang, PU Haiyun. Present Status and Development of the Decontamination inChemical Accident Disposal［J］. Chinese Journal of Chemical Education,2008,29 (2):6-9.
［2］和丽秋,李纲.危险化学品灾害事故中的洗消［J］.云南消防,2003(12):54-55. HE Liqiu, LI Gang. Decontamination in the Hazardous Chemicals Disaster［J］. FIRE YUNNAN,2003(12):54-55.
［3］张存位，王慧飞，陈远航，等.化学事故中应急洗消方案的研究［J］.中国安全生产科学技术，2012，8（1）：103-107. ZHANG Cunwei, WANG Huifei, CHEN Yuanhang,et al. Study on emergency decontamination programme of chemical incident［J］. Journal of Safety Science and Technology, 2012, 8(1):103-107.
［4］刘国永，谢海松，云水静，等.一种洗消站（场）开设位置优选方法［J］.火力与指挥控制，2014，39（s1）：61-63. LIU Guoyong, Xie Haisong, YUN Shuijing,et al. One Kind of Warfare Decontamination（Field）Position Opened Preferred Method ［J］. Fire Control & Command Control,2014,39(s1):61-63.
［5］李华敏,张辉. 顾客等待容忍度与银行排队服务系统的优化［J］. 金融论坛,2011,16(2):29-34. LI Huamin, ZHANG Hui. Customer’s Tolerance for Wait and the Optimization of Bank’s Queuing Service System［J］. Finance Forum,2011,16(2):29-34.
［6］崔璇，丁一，林国龙.等待心理代价影响下的灾区伤员疏散决策模型研究［J］.科学技术与工程，2014，14（19）：309-314. CUI Xuan, DING Yi, LING Guolong. Study on Evacuation Model Considering Psychological Cost of Waiting in Disaster Relief［J］. Science Technology and Engineering,2014,(19):309-314.
［7］李爱梅, 赵丹, 熊冠星,等. 等待是一种折磨?等待时间知觉及其导致的非理性决策行为［J］. 心理科学进展, 2014, 22(11):1679-1690. LI Aimei, ZHAO Dan, XIONG Guanxing, et al. Is Waiting A Kind of Torture? Perceived Waiting Time and the Resulting Irrational Decision Making［J］. Advances in Psychological Science,2014,22(11):1679-1690.
［8］张建岗，姚仁太，任晓娜，等.福岛核事故对中国的影响及应急经验［J］.辐射防护，2012，32（6）：362-372. ZHANG Jiangang, YAO Rentai, REN Xiaona,et al.Impact of Fukushima Accident to China and Response Experiences Accumulated［J］. Radiation Protection, 2012,32(6):362-372.
［9］辛勇, 李红, 袁加锦. 负性情绪干扰行为抑制控制:一项事件相关电位研究［J］. 心理学报, 2010, 42(3):334-341. XIN Yong, LI Hong, YUAN Jiajin. Negative Emotion Interferes with Behavioral Inhibitory Control: An ERP Study［J］. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 2010, 42(3):334-341.
［10］潘自强.核能发展与事故应急［J］.辐射防护，2007，27（1）：1-5, 18. PAN Ziqiang. The Development Of Nuclear Power And Emergency Response［J］. Radiation Protection, 2007,27(1):1-5,18.
［11］方正，袁建平，王晓刚，等.火车站客流密度与移动速度的观测研究［J］.消防科学与技术，2007，26（1）：12-15. FANG Zheng, YUAN Jianping, WANG Xiaogang,et al. An Investigation of The Pedestrian Density and Travel Speed For a Railway Station［J］. Fire Science and Technology, 2007, 26(1):12-15.
［12］胡清梅，方卫宁，李广燕，等.公共建筑环境下行人行为特性及拥挤机理研究综述［J］.中国安全科学学报，2008，18（8）：68-73. HU Qingmei, FANG Weining,LI Guangyan,et al.Pedestrian Behavior Characteristics and Crowding Mechanism in Public Buildings［J］. China Safety Science Journal,2008,18(8):68-73.
［13］YAN R N. The Waiting Game: The Role of Predicted Value, Wait Disconfirmation, and Providers’ Actions in Consumers’ Service Evaluations［J］. Advances in Consumer Research, 2006(33):412-418.
［14］MAISTER D.The psychology of waiting lines［R］. Boston: Harvard Business School, 1984:71-78.
［15］罗芬，廖薇.主题公园游乐设施游客等待心理变化研究——以长沙世界之窗为例［J］.中南林业科技大学学报(社会科学版)，2010，4（3）：51-54. LUO Fen, LIAO Wei. Visitors’ Waiting Psychological Change for Theme Park Recreational Facilities: A Case Study of The Window of The World, Changsha ［J］. JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY OF FORESTRY & TECHNOLOGY ( Social Sciences ), 2010,4 (3):51-54.
［16］邹树梁，邓亚玲，邹旸.核事故应急工作中个体防护措施的思考［J］.中国应急救援，2015（6）：12-15. ZOU Shuliang, DENG Yaling, ZOU Yang. Thoughts on Individual Protective Measures in Emergency Work of Nuclear Accident［J］. China Emergency Rescue, 2015(6):12-15.
［17］纪雅敏,祁明亮,景奇.基于系统动力学的场外核应急洗消设备配置问题研究［J］.运筹与管理,2018,27(1):1-6. JI Yamin, QI Mingliang, JING Qi. Study on Equipment Disposition of Off-site Nuclear Emergency Decontamination Based on System Dynamics［J］. Operations Research and Management Science, 2018,27(1):1-6.
［18］冷朋波, 王群利, 王爱红,等. 高斯烟羽扩散模型在化工装置突发煤气泄漏的环境健康风险评估中的应用［J］. 环境卫生学杂志, 2013(3):186-190. LENG Pengbo, WANG Qunli, WANG Aihong,et al. The Application of Gaussian Plume Air Dispersion Model in the Environmental Risk Assessment for Accidental Leakage of Coal Gas at One Chemical Apparatus［J］. Journal of Environmental Hygiene, 2013(3):186-190.
［19］姚仁太, 张茂栓, 陶树旺,等. 秦山核电二期工程厂址建筑物群对气态放射性排放物扩散影响的实验研究［J］. 辐射防护, 1997(3):192-199. YAO Rentai,ZHANG Maoshuan,TAO Shuwang,et al. Experimental Studies on Effects of Buildings of Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant on Diffusion of Airborne Radioactive Emissions［J］. Radiation Protection,1997(3):192-199.

相似文献/References:

备注/Memo

备注/Memo:
厦门市产学研协同创新及科技合作项目（3502Z20172013）
更新日期/Last Update: 2018-04-11